In the Standard Model of particle physics, the masses of the carriers of the weak interaction, the W and Z bosons, are uniquely related. Physics beyond the Standard Model can change this relationship through the effects of virtual particle quantum loops, thus making it of paramount importance to measure these masses with the highest possible

Primordial black holes are one of the strongest candidates for the Universe’s dark matter. In this scenario, their abundance would be large enough for at least one object to cross through the inner Solar System per decade. A flyby like this would introduce a wobble into Mars’ orbit, to a degree that today’s technology could

Bubble use evolved in many small invertebrates to enable underwater breathing, but, until recently, there has been no evidence that vertebrate animals use bubbles in a similar manner. Only one group of vertebrates, semi-aquatic Anolis lizards, may be an exception: these lizards dive underwater when threatened and, while underwater, rebreathe a bubble of air over

Paleontologists have described a new species of fossil comma shrimp based on a well-preserved specimen found in the Japanese prefecture of Shizuoka. Makrokylindrus itoi. Image credit: Javier Luque & Sarah Gerken, doi: 10.1111/ivb.12440. “Comma shrimp, or cumaceans, are a group of small peracarid crustaceans with over 1,900 living species currently described worldwide,” said Dr. Javier

Archaeologists have unearthed hundreds of Clovis stone tools at the 13,000-year-old campsite of Belson in southwest Michigan; Clovis people traveled to this site annually, probably in the summer, for at least three but likely up to five consecutive years; the stone artifacts also show evidence that the settlers’ diets included a wide variety of animals

Blood groups are complex. The two best known blood group systems are ABO and Rh. Within each blood group, red cells can carry surface markers called antigens. For example, within the ABO blood group system, there are the A and B antigens — people with A have the A antigen, people with B have the

Using images from the JunoCam instrument aboard NASA’s Juno spacecraft, planetary scientists have spotted a fresh volcano with multiple lava flows and volcanic deposits covering an area about 180 x 180 km. A comparison of the JunoCam image from February 2024 with Galileo spacecraft imagery of the same area in November 1997 (grayscale insert) reveals

Chemists at the Leibniz Institute for Tropospheric Research have provided experimental evidence that sulfurous acid (H2SO3), once formed in the gas phase, is kinetically stable enough to allow its characterization and subsequent reactions. In the gas phase, if once formed, sulfurous acid shows a certain kinetic stability with an estimated lifetime of at least one